Zork

Zork was one of the first adventure games, after ADVENT / Colossal Cave. The first version of Zork was written in 1977–1979 on a DEC PDP-10 computer by Tim Anderson, Marc Blank, Bruce Daniels, and Dave Lebling, and implemented in the MDL programming language.

All the programmers came from the Dynamic Modelling Group at the MIT AI Lab. Originally, "Zork" was a name that any unfinished program around MIT got. When the game was finished the implementors called it Dungeon, but people went on calling it Zork, so the name stuck (not an unusual course of events for software and other high-tech products with entrenched "working titles"). Other names introduced in the Zork universe are grues and zorkmids.

The company Personal Software produced a version of Zork I  (roughly the first third of the original Zork) for the Apple II and TRS-80 home/ personal computers in 1980. The programmers managed to fit very rich complexity into the small personal computer systems of the time, and gain portability between them, by using a specialized "game engine" called the Z-machine. Personal Software had plans to release Zork II as well, but never got that far.

Finally Infocom, a company started by the above people and others with the intention of producing adventure games brought out versions of Zork for most popular computers of the era, such as the Commodore 64, the Atari 8-bit family, and the IBM PC, in addition to the above. Each game came on a 5¼" floppy disk, with the game engine getting loaded into computer memory at startup, reading relevant parts of the game data (scene descriptions etc) into memory during gameplay.

Zork and its relatives fit into a category known as interactive fiction. Zork, like the other Infocom games, distinguished itself in its genre as an especially rich text adventure, both in terms of the quality of the storytelling, as well as the sophistication (at the time) of its text parser. The parser understood full-sentence commands ("attack the grue with the egg") that went well beyond the simple verb-noun commands ("attack grue") that were the standard fare of the day.

The original Zork Trilogy:

• Zork I: The Great Underground Empire (1980)
• Zork II: The Wizard of Frobozz (1981)
• Zork III: The Dungeon Master (1982)

The Enchanter Trilogy also took place in the Zork universe and is considered to be part of the Zork series:

• Enchanter (1983)
• Sorcerer (1984)
• Spellbreaker (1985)

Later Infocom additions to the series:

• Beyond Zork (1987)
• Zork Zero: The Revenge of Megaboz (1988, with graphics)

Even later Activision additions to the series:

• Return to Zork (1993, with graphics)
• Zork: Nemesis (with graphics)
• Zork: Grand Inquisitor (with graphics)
• Zork: The Undiscovered Underground

External links

• Zork I, II, III and the Undiscovered Underground can be downloaded from http://www.csd.uwo.ca/Infocom/. (Other games in the Zork series are apparently not legally available for free.) They can be played on almost any platform using an appropriate Z-machine interpreter.
• A slightly-modified hack of Zork can be played interactively in a web browser at http://thcnet.net/zork/